Fasahar Intanet a Wayar Salula (1)

Musabbabi

Duk da cewa wannan shafi an killace shi ne musamman don kayayyaki da hanyoyin fasahar sadarwa na zamani, a tabbace yake cewa fasahar sadarwar da tafi samun shuhura ita ce Fasahar Intanet.  Sai dai kuma wannan ba  laifi bane, musamman idan mai karatu ya koma ya kakkabe kurar da ke saman tsoffin bugun jaridar AMINIYA da ya karanta a baya, musamman wadda kasidar farko mai taken “FASAHAR INTANET (1)” ta fito a ciki, zai ga inda muka sanar da cewa kasidun da za su bayyana a wannan shafi za su yi ta bayanai ne kan alakar da ke tsakanin dukkan fasahan sadarwan zamani, musamman tsakanin Intanet da sauran iyaye da yayyai da kuma kakanninsa, irinsu Radiyo, Talabijin, Jaridu, Mujallu da sauran danginsu.

Da wannan dalili, a bangare daya, da kuma sakonnin text da da Imel da waya da ake bugo mani ta hanyar Salula, a daya bangaren, ya sa na ga dacewar assasa kasidar wannan mako kacokan kan alakar da ke tsakanin wayoyin salula ko tafi-da-gidanka masu tsarin Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM), da Fasahar Intanet; yadda ake shiga a yi lilo da tsallake-tsallake da sauran bayanai da ke da nasaba da wannan alaka.

Wayar Salula da Karikitanta

Idan masu karatu basu mance ba, a kasidarmu mai taken “Kwamfuta da Manhajojinta”, mun sanar da cewa “kwamfuta na tattare ne da manyan bangarori guda biyu; bangaren gangar jiki, wanda aka fi sani da Hardware,  a turance.  Sai kuma bangaren ruhi ko rai, wanda ake kira Software, shi ma a turance.”  To haka ma wayar salula take.  Gangar jikin shi ne wanda muke gani, kwarangwal din, wanda ya kunshi batir, da injin da kuma gangar marfin wayar. Wannan bangare shi ne wanda ke rike da bangare na biyu, watau ruhin, wanda kuma ke da bangarori biyu, daya ya ta’allaka ne da daya.

Na farkon shi ne babban ruhinta, wanda ke samuwa idan aka sanya mata batir, aka kuma kunna ta.  Da zaran ka kunna, za ta umarce ka da ka sanya mata ruhinta na biyu, watau katin SIM (insert SIM).  Idan ka sanya mata katin SIM, wanda shi ne bangare na biyu, daga nan za ka iya samun isa cikin wayar don yin duk abin da za ka iya yi, na kiran waya, amsa kira daga wasu, shigar da lambobin wayan wasu, da sauran ayyuka.

Idan ka sanya ma wayar salula katin SIM, ka kunna, to nan kuma za a sake samun bangarori biyu a cikin ruhin da ya samu tsakanin ruhin wayar da wanda katin SIM ke dauke dashi.  Zamu bayar da misali da wayar tafi-da-gidanka na kamfanin Nokia, don tafi shahara.  (masu Samsung da SonyErricsson da Siemens, ku gafarce ni).  Bangare na farko ya kunshi abin da ake kira “Network Services”, a turance, watau hanyoyin amfani da waya, wadanda kamfanin Sadarwa ne ke bayar da su, a kunshe cikin katin SIM.

Idan ka shiga Menu za ka same su.  Wasu daga cikin su sune: Messages (hanyoyin karba da kuma aika gajerun sakonni), Call Register (rajistan lambobi ko sunayen masu bugo waya ko ka buga musu), Settings (Wajen tsara dukkan hanyoyin mu’amala da wayar), Web (hanyar shiga yanar gizo ta duniya, ko Intanet, a takaice), MTN Services ko Magic Plus (hanyoyin samun labarai takaitattu ta hanyar kamfanin waya).  Wadannan a takaice sune hanyoyin da yanayin amfani da su ya danganta ne da kamfanin da kake amfani da katinsu.

Bangare na biyu kuma sune hanyoyin da kana iya amfani dasu ba tare da taimakon kamfanin waya sun taimaka ko kuma sun caje ka ba.  Su kuma sun hada da: Contacts (wajen ajiye sunaye da lambobin abokan hulda), Settings (wani bangarenshi, irinsu: themes, tones, display, time and date, my shortcuts, call settings, phone settings, enhancements, configurations, da kuma security), Gallery (wajen adana jakunkunan sauti, hotuna, wakoki, sautin karban kira da sakonni – tones), Media (wajen Radio, da kemara, rekoda da sauransu), Organiser (wajen kalanda, jakar tafi-da-gidanka – wallet – da kuma alarm), da kuma Application (wajen manhajojin lissafi ko raskwana – calculator – manhajan wasan kwamfuta – games – da agogon kididdiga ko kiyasi, watau stop watch/timer).  Wadannan su ne ababen da ke tattare da wayar salula ta Nokia ‘yar madaidaiciya, ba mai dan Karen kudin tsiya ba.  To mene ne damuwanmu a yanzu?

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

WAP, ko kace Wireless Application Protocol, ita ce ka’idar da ke lura ko sadar da sakonni (na murya ko bayanai) ga na’urorin fasahar sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka (Wireless Mobile Communication).  Idan mai karatu bai mance ba, a kasidarmu mai taken “Hada Intanet”, mun yi bayanin cewa daya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake bukata wajen sadar da kwamfuta da kwamfuta ‘yar uwanta, shi ne wayan kebul (cable), a gajeren zangon sadarwa (Local Area network – LAN).  To amma a tsarin Wide Area Network (WAN), wanda shi ne tsarin da ke sadar da sakonni tsakanin na’urorin fasahar sadarwa a dogon zango, ka’idar WAP ce ke da hakki.  Ita WAP ka’ida ce ba na’ura bace kamar kwamfuta da muke gani.  Ka’ida ce ta sadarwa tsakanin kayayyakin sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka irinsu wayar salula, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka (Laptop/Notebook) da manyan na’urorin sadarwa makamantansu.

Tun ran gina irin wadannan na’urori ake shigar da wannan ka’ida cikin gangar jikin su.  Wannan ka’ida ta WAP na cikin dukkan wayoyin salula na tafi-da-gidanka.  Kuma tana da bangarori biyar ne  wadanda dukkan wani sako na sauti/murya (voice) ko bayanai (text) ke bi, don saduwa da na’urar da aka tunkuda shi.  Bangarori hudu ke isar da sakon, daya bangaren kuma ke taimakawa wajen budowa.  Bangarorin su ne: WAP Datagram Protocol (WDP), wanda ke aikawa da sakonnin text (SMS) da na GPRS; Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS), mai taimakawa wajen tsare sakonnin da ake aikawa, don kada wani dan ta’adda ya tsare su a hanya; WAP Transaction Protocol (WTP), wanda ke jaddada aikin WDP, wajen isar da sakon kamar yadda aka aiko su; WAP Session Protocol (WSP), wanda ke taimakawa wajen isar da sakon da ake karba  ko aikawa ta hanyar sadar da manhajojin da za su karbi sakon, a na’urar mai aikawa da na mai karba.

Na karshe kuma shi ne Hypertext Transfer Protocol Interface (HTTP Interface), wanda ke budo sakon da aka aiko, ta hanyar masarrafan lilo da tsallake-tsallake (Browser).  Dukkan wadannan ka’idoji a jikin na’urar sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka ake gina su, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata.  Don haka mai karatu ba zai gansu ba, karara, amma su ne manyan jami’ai.  Wannan, a takaice, ita ce tsarin da ke kunshe cikin WAP.  Su kuma ka’idojin WAP na aiki ne cikin wayar salula ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai dauke da hanyoyin rubutawa da aikawa da sakonni na murya da bayanai, ta hanyar fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet.  Wadannan hanyoyi su ne: General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), wanda hanya ce ta aikawa da sakonni cikin gaggawa.  Sakonnin sun hada da murya/sauti, rubutu/bayanai da hotuna masu motsi da ma marasa motsi.  Wannan tsari na GPRS na samuwa a galibin wayoyin salula na zamani da kuma dukkan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka (Laptop).

Wannan hanya ta kunshi hanyoyi irinsu USB Port/Cable da Bluetooth da kuma Infrared. Sai kuma Short Message Service (SMS), tsarin da ke taimakawa wajen aikawa da gajerun sakonni na wayar salula, masu amfani da tsarin Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).  A wannan tsari mai wayar salula na iya aikawa da sako daga wayar salularsa zuwa na dan uwansa ko matarsa, iya fadin nisan da transmitter din kamfanin sadarwan ya kai.  Misali, duk inda ake da sabis na MTN, kana iya aikawa da sakon SMS har can, a karba, a bude, a karanta, sannan a aiko maka da jawabi kai ma.  Wadannan su ne masu nasaba da abin da muke tattaunawa a kai.  Don haka zamu tsaya a nan.