Fasahar Sadarwar Rediyo A Intanet

Saboda gamammiyar tasirin fasahar Intanet a duniya, an wayi gari hatta sauran hanyoyin sadarwa da suka riga wannan fasaha bayyana a duniya, sun samu mazauni tabbatacce a cikinta.  Wannan a fili yake, musamman idan mai karatu ya yi la’akari da nau’ukan hanyoyin watsa labarai da suka mamaye kuma suke amfana da babban kasuwar da ke Intanet.  Cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da suke Intanet akwai fasahar sadarwa ta rediyo; yadda ake kafa tashar, da yadda ake sauraro da kuma tsarin sauraron.  Duk wannan akwai cikin Intanet.  Akwai tashoshin rediyo masu dimbin yawa; na kyauta da na kudi; masu yada labarai da sauran shirye-shirye ko kuma na wakoki kadai.  To amma yaya tsarin yake?

Tsarin yada shirye-shiryen tashoshin rediyo ta hanyar Intanet shi ake kira Web Casting ko Internet Radio ko kuma E-Radio, a turance.  Kuma wannan fasaha ta samo asali ne shekaru kusan goma sha hudu da suka wuce.  A halin yanzu akwai tashoshin watsa labaran rediyo nau’uka biyu;  na farko shi ne tsarin da ya shafi watsa shirye-shiryen ta hanyar jakunkunan sauti, masu kunshe da wakoki ko kuma shirye-shiryen da mai sauraro ke so.  Idan masu sauraro suna bukata, sai su sauko (downloading) da wadannan jakunkuna na sauti (sound files) zuwa kwamfutocinsu.  Wannan tsarin yada labarai shi ake kira Offline Radio Broadcasting, kuma shi ne galibin tashoshin FM da ke Intanet ke amfani dashi wajen yada shirye-shiryensu.  Galibi jakunkunan sauti ne na wakoki dabam-dabam.  Sai kuma nau’I na biyu, wanda ya kumshi yada labarai kai tsaye, daga gidan yanar da ke dauke da tashar rediyon, zuwa kwamfutar mai sauraro, a yayin da ake gabatar da shirye-shiryen.  Kamar daid yadda za ka kama tashar rediyo, ka ci gaba da sauraro kai tsaye.  Wannan tsari shi ake kira Streaming. 

Don sauraron tashoshi masu yada shirye-shirye ta wannan hanya, kana bukatar siginar Intanet mai karfi, don shirye-shiryen da zuwa ne kai tsaye daga gidan yanar zuwa kwamfutarka.  Idan ba ka da siginar Intanet mai karfi, shirin da kake saurare zai rika yayyankewa, baza ka ji dadin sauraro ba.  Wannan tsari har wa yau, shi ne tashoshin rediyo na duniya irinsu BBC, da VOA misali, suke amfani dashi wajen yada shirye-shiryensu ta hanyar Intanet.  Akwai nau’I na uku da ka iya fadawa cikin dayan biyun da aka ambata a sama.  Wannan nau’i shi ne tsarin yada shirye-shiryen gidan rediyo mai zaman kansa (wato Terrestrial Radio Station) ke gabatarwa, ta hanyar Intanet.  Kyakkyawar misali it ace ta gidajen rediyon BBC da VOA masu yada labararai ta tashoshin rediyo da kuma Intanet.  A wannan tsarin, hatta taskantattun shirye-shirye kana iya samu wadanda suka gabata, ka saukar da su zuwa kwamfutarka sannan ka saurara.

To ta yaya ake kafa ire-iren wadannan tashoshi ne?  Sabanin tashoshin rediyo da muka saba mu’amala dasu ta akwatin rediyonmu, wadannan tashoshin rediyo na Intanet basu bukatar jone-jonen wayoyi ta karkashin kasa ko wani abu makamancin haka.  Idan tashar rediyo ce ta Intanet tsantsa, abin dakake bukata shi ne gidan yanar sadarwa tukum, wato Website.  Sai kuma masarrafai da za su rika daukan shirye-shiryen daga tasharka zuwa kwamfutar mai sauraro, idan kai tsaye kake so.  Wadannan masarrafai ko jami’ai da a turance ake kiransu Audio Codec, su ne za su rika sarrafa shirye-shiryen da ka taskance a jakunkunan sauti zuwa haruffar da kwamfuta za ta iya fahimtarsu, wato Bits, sannan su jejjera su cikin titin sadarwar kwamfutar da ke dauke da su, zuwa kwamfutar mai sauraro.  Da zarar wadannan sarrafaffun bayanai sun iso kwamfutar mai sauraro, za su zarce ne zuwa katin sautin kwamfutar, wato Sound Card, a sake sarrafa zuwa siffarsu ta asali, wato sauti, don ka saurare su.  Duk wannan kai-komo na faruwa ne cikin dakika guda, in har siginar kwamfutar zam-zam take.

Su wadannan tashoshin rediyo har way au, kana iya sauraronsu a ko ina kake, muddin kana da fasahar Intanet a jone da kwamfutarka.  Baka bukatar shigarwa ko nemo lambar mitar tashar, sabanin yadda kake a akwatin rediyo.  Idan ka kama tasha, kana iya sauraron kowane irin shiri, domin babu wani bambamci tsakanin tashoshin biyu.  Duk shirin da kasan ana gabatar dashi a tashar da kake kamawa a akwatin rediyonka, to kana iya samunsu a tashoshin rediyon da ke Intanet.  Manyan tashoshin rediyo da ke Intanet sun hada da Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) da MSN (www.msn.com)!  Duk da yake suna gabatar da wakoki ne.  Sannan akwai tashoshin rediyon Intanet masu watsa shirye-shirye da harshen Hausa, kamar yadda muka sani, irin su BBC (www.bbc.co.uk/hausa), da VOA (www.voahausa.com), da DW (www.d-welle.de/hausa) da dai sauransu.  Idan ka shiga wadannan gidaje yanar sadarwa za ka samu bayanai kan yadda ake sauraron shirye-shiryen da tashoshin ke yadawa.

A naka bangaren, idan kana son sauraron shirye-shiryen rediyo ta Intanet, kana bukatar kwamfuta mai jone da fasahar Intanet, kuma ta zama tana da katin sauti, ko Sound Card, sannan ka mallaki masarrafan sauraren jakunkunan sauti, wato Sound Player Applications, irinsu Windows Media Player, da RealPlayer, ko kuma Quick Player.  Duk wadannan masarrafai za ka iya samunsu a gidajen yanar sadarwarsu har kuma ka diro dasu, kyauta.  Bayan dukkan wannan, idan har kwamtuarka bata zo da lasifika ba, to dole ne ka nemo ko da na kan tebur ne, wato Desktop Speaker, don makala mata.  In kuwa ba haka ba, sai ka yi ta jiran gawon shanu.  Shiru, wai an aiki bawa garinsu.  Har wa yau, idan kana sauraron shirye-shirye, za ka iya taskance su (saving) zuwa kwamfutarka, don sauraronsu wani lokaci.  Sai dai kayi hankali, don wasu tashoshin shirye-shirye ko wakokin sun a mai kwabo be, ban a kowa da kowa bane.  Don haka kada ranka y abaci idan ka shiga wata tashar amma aka ce sai ka biya da katin adashin banki (credit card).  Ba kowa ke raba shirye-shiryensa kyauta ba.

A karshe, samuwar tashoshin rediyo a layin fasahar Intanet ba karamin ci gaba bane ga miliyoyin masu mu’amala da fasahar Intanet a duniya.  Hakan ya dada yawaita nau’ukan hanyoyin yada labarai a wuri daya, ta inda za ka samu dimbin bayanai, cikin sauki kuma kyauta, galibi.