Ka’idojin Aikawa da Karban Imel (E-mail Protocols)
A yau dai na tabbata mai karatu baya bukatan sai mun sake sanar dashi abin da Ka’idar Kwamfuta ko kuma Porotocols ke nufi, saboda maimaicin da muka ta yi wajen kawo ma’anar wannan kalma. Illa dai mu ce: E-mail Protocols sun e ka’idojin da ke taimakawa wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsakanin kwamfutoci. Su ma ginannun ka’idoji ne da ake tsofa su ko dai a cikin manhajar Imel, a yayin da ake ginawa, ko kuma a cikin ruhin kwamfuta, kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata a makonni biyu da suka wuce. Alal hakika akwai ka’idojin aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel da dama, amma shahararru kuma nagartattu daga cikinsu guda biyar ne: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), da Post Office Protocol (POP3) da Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), da Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), da kuma Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Ga takaitattun bayanai nan kan kowanne daga cikinsu:
Simple Mail Transfer protocol (SMTP)
Wannan ita ce ka’idar da ke lura da aikawa da sakonnin Imel daga kwamfutar da aka aika zuwa wacce aka aika mata, ba tare da wata matsala ba. Idan mai karatu bai mance ba, a kasidar da ta gabata mun sanar da cewa wannan ka’ida ta Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) na cikin ka’idojin da ke zango na bakwai a tsarin aikawa da sakonni tsakanin kwamfutoci, watai Layer 7, wacce ake ma lakabi da Application Layer. A wannan zango ne mai aikawa da sakon Imel zai ayyana adireshin wanda yake son aika masa da sako, ita kuma SMTP ta bi diddigi wajen cika aikinta. Kowace kwamfuta na da wannan ka’ida ta SMTP, don haka ita ba a cikin manhajar Imel ake samunta ba kadai. Kuma it ace ke boye cikin Port 25, cikin kogunan da ked a hakkin sadarwa ta Imel kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama. Da zarar ka matsa alamar “Send” sai sakonka ya fice ta wannan kogo, zuwa inda aka aike shi.
Post Office Protocol (POP3)
Wannan ginanniyar ka’ida ce da ake samu a kusan dukkan manhajar Imel, kuma babban aikinta shi ne taimakawa wajen budo sakon da ka’idar SMTP ta cillo. Hakan kuma na faruwa ne da zarar ka shigar da Suna da kuma Kalmar Izinin Shiganka (Username & Password), wadanda dasu ne Uwar Garken za ta iya sheda ka. Wannan ka’ida na makale ne cikin Port 110, wato kogon da ke taimakawa wajen budo sakonnin da zarar ka bukace su.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
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Wannan ka’ida ta IMAP ita ma aikinta daya ne da ka’idar POP3, duk da yake idan ka samu manhajar Imel irinsu Mozilla Thunderbird wacce ke dauke da wannan ka’ida, za ka samu ta kumshi ka’idar aikawa da sakonnin Imel, wato Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMPT), wanda dashi ne take aikawa da sakonni zuwa wasu manhajojin Imel din. Misali, idan ina son aikawa da sakon Imel ta jakar Yahoomail! dina, bana bukatar sai naje gidan yanar sadarwan Yahoomail, sam ko kadan. Kawai kiran manhajar Thunderbird kawai zan yi, sai in lodo dukkan sakonnin da nake dasu a Yahoomail, in kama karantawa. Da zarar na bukaci mayar ma wani da jawabi, sai kawai inje allon rubutun Thunderbird, wato Compose, sai in rubuta in kuma aika da sakon. Don haka a kogon ka’idar IMAP, akwai ka’idar SMTP. Kuma wannan ka’ida na amfani ne da Port 220, don karba da kuma aikawa da sakonnin Imel.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Wannan ita ce gamammiyar ka’idar budo bayanai ta hanyar fasahar Intanet. Mun kuma kawo tan e saboda nasabar da ke cikin aikawa da sakonni ta hanyar Intanet, musamman ga manhajojin Imel irinsu Yahoomail!, Gmail, Hotmail da sauransu. Duk lokacin da ka tashi karanta sakonnin Imel dinka da ke Yahoomail, dole ne kaje gidan yanar sadarwan ta da ke http://mail.yahoo.com. hakan kuma bazai yiwu maka ba sai ta hanyar Rariyar Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake, wato Browser, wanda ke dauke da wannan ka’ida ta Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Sai da wannan ka’ida za ka iya budo kowane irin gidan yanar sadarwa ta hanyar Rariyar Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake. Wannan ka’ida na da alaka ne da manhajojin Imel da ke gidajen yanar sadarwa kadai.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Wannan ka’ida ta TCP ita ce mai hada alaka tsakanin kwamfuta da wata kwamfuta ‘yar uwanta wajen sadarwa ko karban sako, kowane iri ne kuwa. Don haka idan ka aika da sako, da zarar ya iso zangon da ke dauke da wannan ka’ida ta TCP, wato Transport Layer da ke Layer 5, sai ta jibinci al’amarinsa wajen isarwa. Wannan ka’ida alakarta ya shafi dukkan manhajojin Imel ne gaba daya. Muddin wani sako zai fita daga wata kwamfuta zuwa wata, to dole ne ka’idar TCP ta san me ye kalansa, kuma ina ya dosa. Wadannan su ne ka’idojin da ke taimakawa wajen sadarwa a tsakanin kwamfutoci wajen aikawa da karban sakonnin Imel.
Kammalawa
Daga karshe, a bayyane yake cewa tsarin mu’amala tsakanin kwamfutoci wani abu ne da ke tattare da ka’idoji masu taimakawa wajen yin hakan; wadanda kuma ko dai suna cakude ne cikin manhajar Imel ko kuma a narke cikin kwakwalwan kwamfutar da ke aikawa ko karban sakonnin. Manya daga cikin wadanan ka’idoji kuwa sune Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), da kuma Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP). A mako mai zuwa in Allah Ya yarda, za mu samu bayanai ne kan tsarin sadarwa a tsakanin wayar salula da zangon da ke lura da tsarin sadarwan. Ina mika sakon gaisuwata ga dukkan masu karatu. Allah sa mu yi Sallah lafiya, ya kuma karbi dukkan ayyukanmu na gari, amin.
BARKA DA SALLAH!
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