Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya a Sawwake (6)

Ci gaban fassarar littafin Dakta Adnan Abdulhamid mai suna: “Why Astronomy?”

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Malam Ali ya sanar da mu sunayen da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka bayar da gudunmawa cikin wannan fanni daga cikin malaman Girka; wasu ma ko iya tuna sunayensu bana yi, saboda tsawon zamani.  Amma duk da haka, ina iya tuna takaddamar ilmi da ya ce ya taba faruwa a tsakanin malaman ilmin kimiyya.  Daga nan sai Malam ya zana mana taswirar duniya a allon rubutu, don misalta mana yadda wannan duniya ta mu ke karkata zuwa ga jihar rana, daidai nisan digiri 23 (23°) a istawa’inta (Equator) tsakanin Majuyin Sard’ani (Tropic of Cancer) da kuma Majuyin Jadayi (Tropic of Capricorn) – wato tsakanin bangaren duniya daga Arewa, da kuma bangarenta daga Kudu – da kuma misali kan yadda kowane bigire ke samun hasken rana a lokutan shekara.

Malam Ali ya ce kafin masana su amince baki dayansu kan wannan ka’ida ta ilmi sai da aka samu takaddama mai girman gaske a tsakaninsu.  Daga nan kuma ya bamu labarin manyan masana tsarin zance cikin Rumawa, irin su Ceciro (106 – 43BC), da yadda shi ma ya yi ta kokarin kare nasa hujjojin.

Har wa yau, ya sanar da mu lokutan da dare ke tsawaita, ko gajarta (Solstices), da kuma lokutan da  tsawon dare da yini ke zama daidai (Equinoxes) cikin shekara, ya kuma nuna mana cewa lallai karkatar da duniyarmu ke yi zuwa bangaren da rana take ne ke haddasa samuwar wadannan yanayin shekara guda biyu mabanbanta. “Idan duniya ta karkata zuwa ga rana a bangaren kudancinta, nan take sai a shiga yanayin zafi a bangaren, a bangaren arewaci kuma sai a samu yanayin dari.”  Haka kuma idan bangaren arewaci ya karkata zuwa jihar rana, nan ma za a samu yanayin zafi, a bangaren kudanci kuma a shiga yanayin dari.

Tazara, da Muhalli, da Lokaci

Watarana Malam ya shigo cikin ajinmu sai ya ce, “Cikinku waye ya saurari labarun duniya a tashar BBC a safiyar yau?” Kadan daga cikinmu ne suka daga hannayensu.  Daga nan sai ya jefo tambaya, “Me ye tazarar da ke tsakanin Najeriya da birnin Landan?”  Babu wanda ya sani.  Sai ya ci gaba da hasashe yana cewa, “Watakila zai kai kilomita 8,000 daga birnin Kano.”  “Kuma duk da wannan tazara mai nisa,” Malam ya ci gaba, “Mutanen birnin Kano na sauraron labarun BBC ne cikin kasa da minti guda daga lokacin da ake yada shi a can.  Dalili kuwa shi ne, sauti na tafiya ne cikin tafarkin iska a kowane dakika; a dogon zango ne, ko gajeren zango. Wannan sauti na bin tafarkin maganadisun lantarki ne (Electromagnetic wave), wanda ya kunshi zango-zango na sadarwa; ya danganci irin tsarin aika sautin da ake amfani da shi.”  Malam Ali ya ce sauti ya fi yin tafiya mafi nisa a sararin samaniya, sama da wanda yake yi a cikin iskar wannan duniya, ko cikin ruwa, ko kuma wata ala, idan muka yi la’akari da wata ka’ida ta kimiyya mai cewa: V = 2xt-1 (Inda V = bigiren tafiyar sauti, x = tazara tsakanin bigiren aikawa da bigiren sadarwa, sai t = tsawon lokacin aikawa).

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Daga nan ya fara neman inda birnin Landan yake a taswirar duniya da ke like a bango.  Sai nan take ya ci gaba da cewa, “Haka kuma, idan ka dora akwatin rediyonka a saman Wata a misali, to ana iya sauraren labarun BBC a wannan duniya tamu cikin dakika guda da rabin dakika (1.5 seconds) a gajeren zangon sadarwa…”  “To idan aka dora akwatin rediyon a saman Rana kuma fa?” wani ya jefo tambayarsa tun kafin Malam ya karasa bayani.  Sai Malam ya ce, “Idan a saman Rana ne, sai ka yi minti 8 da rabi (8.5 minutes) kafin ka samu siginar sadarwa.” “Ku sani,” Malam ya ci gaba da jawabi yana girgida kansa, “Haske ya fi sauti gudu.  Domin haske yana gudun tazarar kilomita 299,783 ne a cikin dakika guda (299,783km per second).  Da a ce ana watsa labarun ta hanyar siginar lantarki ne, da za mu iya sauraren labarun BBC da ake watsawa a saman Wata a misali, cikin dakika guda da digo biyu (1.282 seconds) kacal, duk da cewa tazarar da ke tsakaninmu da Wata ya kai nisan kilomita 384,401 (384,401km).”  Malam Ali ya sanar da mu cewa a duk safiya idan Rana ta fito, haskenta na cinma wannan duniya tamu ne cikin mintuna 4 kacal, duk da cewa tazarar da ke tsakaninmu da ita ya kai nisan kilomita miliyan 150 (150 million kilometres).

Nan take sai Malam ya doshi allon rubutu kafin a buga kararrawar hutun rabin lokaci, ya zana mana wani jadawali, yana mai cewa, “Ku yi riko da shi a kullum, dan gane tazarar nisa da ke tsakanin Rana da sauran duniyoyin da ake da su, da kuma ranakun da kowanne ke daukawa kafin ya gama cikakkiyar shawagi a falakinsa.”  Gama wannan bayani ke da wuya sai Malam ya kwashe komatsensa ya zuba a cikin jaka, daga nan ya bace mana da gani.  A kullum nakan lazimci wannan jadawali, wanda kuma zan so ku ma ku amfana da shi:

 

 

 

Duniya

 

Tazarar Nisa Daga Rana (miliyoyin kilomita)

Tsawon Lokaci Kafin Ya Gama Gewaye
Shekaru Kwanaki
Makyuri (Mercury) 58 0 88
Zahara (Venus) 108 0 225
Duniya (Earth) 150 1 0
Marriha (Mars) 229 1 322
Mushtara (Jupiter) 777 11 315
Zuhal (Saturn) 1426 29 167
Yuranus (Uranus) 2870 84 7
Naftun (Neptune) 4495 164 284
Fuluto (Pluto) 5900 248 120

 

Tun sannan na fara tunani, “To su kuma taurari fa? Me ye nisan tazararsu daga duniyarmu?  Me ye tsawon lokacin da suke dauka kafin haskensu ya riske mu a duniya?”  Daga nan dai na silale daga cikin aji don in bi Malam.  Ina zuwa dakin Malamai kuwa sai na ganshi.  Sai na ce, “Malam, a cikin darasinka na dazu ka karantar da mu kan bigiren sauran duniyoyi da halittar Rana, to su kuma taurari fa – me ye tazarar da ke tsakaninmu da su?”  Gama wannan tambaya ke da wuya, sai Malam yayi murmushi, sannan ya dafa kafadata, ya ce, “Ya kai da na, “Malaman kimiyya sun sanar da mu cewa, idan aka yi la’akari da faffadar duniyar da Allah ya halitta, tare da dinbin taurarin da ke cikinta, wannan duniyar tamu ba komai bace face kamar taro ne a cikin daji.  Akwai biliyoyin taurari masu girma da yanayi daban-daban da ke taruwa waje daya su samar da majara (gungun taurari ko Galaxy).  Idan kana bukatar isa ga wadannan kuwa sai ka shafe tafiyar a kalla tazarar shekaru biliyan dubu shida (6,000 billions years) a tsarin tafiyar haske.”  Sai ya tambaye ni, kamar yadda ya saba tambaya a aji, “Ka fahimta?”  Sai kawai na ce masa “Na’am Malam,” na juya na koma aji ba tare da na fahimci komai ba cikin bayanansa ba.

A takaice dai ban fahimci abin da Malam Ali ya koya mini ba a cikin dakin Malamai lokacin da na bi shi can.  Amma tun sannan dai na ci gaba da mamaki mai cike da al’jabi kan girman halittun Ubangiji, da girman Mulkinsa, kuma na ta jefo wa kaina tambayoyi daban-daban.  Wasu daga cikin ire-iren wadannan tambayoyi ma dai na bar wa zuciyata ne kadai, ba na iya sanar da kowa.  Domin wasu daga cikinsu ma kara rikitar da ni suke yi, don haka na barsu cikin zuciyata kawai.  A karshe dai na gama karatu inda na fito da kyakkyawar shedar karatu mai daraja ta biyu kan Malanta (Grade II) a fannin Ilmin Kasa (Geography).

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