Salon Gina Manhaja (Programming Paradigm)

Salon Gina Manhajar Kwamfuta

Bayan samuwar dabarun gina manhajar kwamfuta, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a baya, akwai kuma salon da ake amfani dashi wajen gina manhajar.  Abin da “Salon gina manhajar kwamfuta” ke nufi shi ne, irin usulubi ko tsari da ake bi, wajen rubuta umarnin da ake son baiwa kwamfuta don aiwatar da abin da ake son ta aiwatar.  Wannan tsari ko salo, shi ake kira “Programming Language Paradigms.”

Nau’ukan Salon Gina Manhaja

Kamar yadda muke da nau’ukan dabarun gina manhaja, haka ma ake da salon da ake bi wajen gina manhajar kwamfuta.  Suna nan da yawa.  Shahararru daga cikinsu su ne: “Imperative Programming, “ da “Declarative Programming,” da “Functional Programming,” da kuma “Object-Oriented Programming.”  Ga takaitattun bayanai nan kan kowannensu:

Salon “Imperative Programming”:  A salon gina manhaja mai suna “imperative programming”, ana baiwa kwamfuta umarnin aiwatar da ayyuka ne dalla-dalla; daga wannan mataki zuwa wancan mataki.  An wannan salo an fi damuwa da yadda kwamfuta za ta zartar da umarnin da ake bata, ba wai sakamakon umarnin ba.

Salon “Declarative Programming”:  A wannan salo, ana baiwa kwamfuta umarni ne ta hanyar siffata mata irin sakamakon da za ta fitar, bayan bayanin nau’in sakamakon da ake so.  Karkashin wannan salon gina manhaja, ba a cika damuwa da yadda kwamfutar za ta zartar da umarni ba, sai irin sakamakon da ake son ta fitar.  Yaya za ta yi wajen yin hakan, wannan kuma ya rage nata.

Salon “Functional Programming”:  Wannan salo na cikin nau’ukan salon gina manhaja da a yanzu suke da tasiri musamman lissafi ko gina manhajar kwamfuta mai dauke da lissafi a fannonin lissafi da injiniyanci da dai sauran makamantansu.  Salo ne da ya kunshi baiwa kwamfuta umarni a dunkule, babu amfani da mazubin bayanai (Variables).  Wannan salon gina manhaja na amfani da tsare-tsaren gina manhaja da dama, irin su: “lambda”, da “iterators”, da “recursion”, da “pure functions” da dai sauransu.  Wadannan kalmomi ne da suka danganci dabarun gina manhaja.  Idan muka fara darasin a aikace, masu karatu za su gansu a fili, in Allah Ya so.

Salon “Object-Oriented Programming”:  Wannan shi ne salon gina manhaja da ya kunshi baiwa kwamfuta umarni ta hanyar tsara siffar dabi’ar nau’in bayanai da aikin da ake son su zartar, don amfani dasu wajen samar da irin bayanan a duk inda ake so.  Manyan tsare-tsaren da aka fi amfani dasu wajen tabbatar da wannan salo su ne: “Class”, da “Methods”, da “Class Instance”, da “Class Variables” da “Inheritance” da dai sauransu.

Alakar “Salon Gina Manhaja” da “Dabarun Gina Manhaja”

Dabarun gina manhaja su ne yaren da ake amfani dasu wajen gina manhajar.  Salon gina manhaja kuma su ne tsarin da ake bi, ta amfani da dabarun gina manajar, don gina manhajar.  A yanzu mai karatu zai ga kamar da sarkakiya cikin zancen, amma da zarar mun fara karatu a aikace, komai zai fito fili.