Tsarin Babbar Manhajar Android (6)

Yadda Activity Manager ke Tafiyar da Aikinsa

Wannan tsari na “Activity Manager” na tafiyar da ayyukansa ne cikin marhaloli guda biyar, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a makon jiya.  Wadannan marhaloli su ake kira “Activity Lifecycle.”   Duk da cewa bayani ya gabata cewa tsarin “Activity” ne ke da wadannan marhaloli, sai dai sauran tsare-tsaren ma, duk suna cikin wannan tsari ne.  A matsayinka na mai waya, da zarar ka kira wata manhaja, ko masarrafa misali, tsarin “Activity Manager” zai gudanar maka da ita nan take, daga samarwa zuwa kashewa.  Ga marhalolin da kowane tsarin “Activity Manager” ke bi wajen tafiyar da manhajojin wayar Android nan:

onCreate(), onStart()

Da zarar ka latsa wata manhaja da nufin budewa a wayarka, nan take Sarkin Gida (Activity Manager) zai “rayar” maka da ita, ta hanyar loda manhajar, tare da bayanan da take aiki dasu.  Wannan marhalar farko kenan, kuma ita ce marhalar da ake kira “Starting State,” wato “Marhalar Rayuwa.”  A wannan marhalar, zai yiwu kana matsa alamar manhajar nan take manhajar ta bude, ko kuma a dan samu jinkiri na dakika biyu ko uku kafin manhajar ta bude.   Latsa manhajar da kayi, ka baiwa tsarin “Activity Manager” umarni ne ya rayar maka da manhajar.  A yayin da ka latsa, nan take zai baiwa wayarka umarnin budo manhajar, ta hanyar tsarin gina manhajar kwamfuta guda biyu (Methods) da ake kira: “onCreate()” da “onStart()”.  Wannan ita ce marhalar farko.  Kuma ita ce marhalar da tafi cin makamashin waya, saboda hidimar da wayar salula keyi wajen samar wa wannan manhaja da ka latsa wurin zama, ta hanyar Sarkin Gida.

Marhala ta Biyu

Da zarar manhajar da ka latsa ta budo, to, an zo marhala ta biyu kenan.  Wannan ita ce marhalar da ake kira “Running State,” wato “Marhalar Gudanuwa.”  Misali, idan ka latsa manhajar sakonnin tes (Message App), shafin zai budo.  Wannan shafi da ya budo kuma yake fuskantarka, ya kai mai mu’amala da waya, yana cikin yanayin mu’amala kenan, wato “In Focus,” a marhalar Gudanuwa.  A tsarin mu’amala da babbar manhajar Android, yanayi daya kadai mai mu’amala da waya ke iya mu’amala dashi a lokaci guda.  Wannan ba ya hana a samu wasu manhajojin dake bude a lokacin.  Da zarar ka latsa bangaren rubuta sakonnin tes a shafin wannan manhaja, wato “Compose,” nan take Sarkin Gida zai jefa uwar manhajar da ka budo zuwa marhala ta gaba.

onPaused()

Wannan ita ce marhalar “Dakatarwa,” wato “Paused State.”  Kada mai karatu ya mance, har yanzu manhajar sakonnin tes da ya budo tana nan, amma bangaren da yake mu’amala da shi ne kadai (wato Compose) yake “Marhalar Gudanuwa.”  Daya bangaren kuma, wato gangar jiki manhajar tes din, duk da cewa shi ma a bude yake, sai dai ya fita daga marhalar gudanuwa zuwa marhalar dakatarwa; don ba da shi ake mu’amala ba yanzu.  Idan ka gama rubuta sakonnin tes, sai ka dawo baya ka ci gaba da duba sakonnin da wasu suka aiko maka, to, sai a mayar da kai marhala ta baya, wato “Marhalar Gudanuwa,” ko “Running State.”   Amma idan ka rufe manhajar gaba dayanta daga shafin da kake, sai Sarkin Gida ya zarce da kai marhala ta gaba.

onStop()

A halin yanzu ka rufe manhajar da ka budo a baya, nan take sai Sarkin Gida ya kira tsarin onStop() (wato onStop() Method Call), don tsayar da gudanuwar manhajar da ka budo a baya.  Wannan ita ce marhalar “Tsayarwa.”  Har yanzu manhajar bata fice daga jikin wayarka ba, duk da cewa ka daina ganinta a shafin wayar.  A gare ka kam ta bace, amma a hakika, tana shige cikin marhala ta hudu ne, wato “Stop State.”  Da zarar an samu wani lokaci mai dan tsawo baka sake kiran wannan manhaja da ka rufe dazu ba, sai Sarkin Gida ya wuce da ita marhala ta karshe.

onDestroy()

Marhala ta karshe ita ce marhalar “Kashewa”, wato “Destroy State.”  A wannan marhala, Sarkin Gida ya kashe manhajar ce gaba dayanta daga gudanuwa, don samar wa wasu manhajojin da za ka iya budowa nan gaba mahallin gudanuwa.  Wannan ita ce marhala ta karshe.  Lokacin da Sarkin Gida zai kira tsarin onDestroy()  (wato onDestroy() Method Call) don share dukkan bayanan da suka danganci wancan manhaja da ka rufe dazu, daga cikin kwakwalwa ko ma’adanar wayar.