Yadda Aka Gina Manhaja da Shafukan Facebook (4)

Taruwan wadannan abubuwa ko al’amura yasa wannan tsari nasu na farko mai dauke da hadakar manhajoji masu inganci da ake kira da suna LAMP (LINUX, da APACHE, da MYSQL, da kuma PHP) ya fara gazawa. Domin kariya da tsaron bayanai ya fara ta’azzara gare su. Inganci da tsari wajen samar da bayanai ga masu ziyara ya fara wahala gare su.  Sannan an fara samun tsaiko mai girman gaske wajen tsawaitan lokaci ko tazarar lokacin da shafi ke budowa ko bayanai ke samuwa idan mai ziyara ya tambaya. Wadannan abubuwa ba karamin barazana bane ga hukumar Facebook, musamman ganin cewa akwai kamfanoni da dama da suke da kwantiragin tallace-tallace tsakaninsu da su.  Don haka hukumar Facebook ta fara neman wasu hanyoyi don ninka tsarin tsaro da kariya ga bayanai, da kuma sawwake tazarar lokacin bukatar samuwar bayanai ga masu ziyara. Daga cikin hanyoyin da suka samar akwai:

MEMCACHE

A baya bayani ya gabata cewa hukumar Facebook na amfani ne da manyan kwamfutoci masu damfara-damfaran mizani ko ma’adana, daga ciki har da masu dauke da ma’adanar wucin gadi (RAM).  Sannan mun sanar da cewa akwai kwamfutocin da ke dauke da kwafaffun bayanai, wadanda masu ziyara ke yawan bukatarsu.  Idan suka neme su a karon farko, manhajar da suka yi amfani da ita kan je zuwa babbar ma’adanar kwamfutar da ke dauke da bayanan ne kai tsaye, kamar yadda muka bayar da misali da ma’adanar banki a baya. To amma da zarar sun sake bukatar wadannan bayanai a karo na biyu, akwai wata kwamfuta da aka ajiye ta, mai lura da mu’amalar jama’a wajen neman bayanai, sai nan take ta kwafi wadannan bayanai ta adana su a ma’adanarta.  Amma asalinsu na can babbar ma’adana.  Idan ka sake bukatarsu sai kawai ta mika maka su, saboda rage dogon tafiya daga inda kake zuwa babbar ma’adana. Ita a tsakiya take.  Wannan tsari shi ake kira “Caching” a ilmin fannin kwamfuta.  Hakan kuwa ba ya yiwuwa sai da samuwar wata masarrafa ko manhaja ta musamman (Special Software/Application) wacce za ta rika kwafo wadannan bayanai da ka bukata a karon farko, da fahimtar alakar da ke tsakanin masu bayanan da ta kwafo da su kansu, sannan ta iya mika maka su a duk sadda ka bukace su. Wannan masarrafa ita ake kira “MEMCACHE”, daga kalmomin “Memory” ne da “Caching.”

Hukumar Facebook ta samar da wannan tsari ne don rage tazarar lokacin bukatar bayanai, da sawwake tsarin taskance bayanai, da rage wa babbar ma’adanar kwamfutocin da ke dauke da asalin bayanai lodi, don samun inganci da kariya ga bayanan su karan kansu. Daga wannan tsari na “Memory Caching” ne ta samar da wata manhajar Tambaya (Search Application) mai suna “Graph Search.”  Ga duk wanda yake shiga shafin Facebook ta kwamfuta, da zarar ya shiga shafinsa, daga sama kadan zai ga wata ‘yar kafar neman bayanai, wadda a cikinta aka rubuta: “Search people, places and things.”  Wannan ita ce masarrafar da ake kira “Graph Search.”  Cikakken bayani kanta na nan tafe in Allah yaso.

Bayan wannan masarrafa ta musamman, akwai kokari da hukumar Facebook ke yi a halin yanzu ko suka yi wajen kara wa wannan rumbun bayanai nasu tagomashi da armashi da kuma saukin mu’amala ga masu ziyara.  Suna hakan ne ta amfani da wasu shahararrun dabarun gina manhajar kwamfuta da suka yi fice a duniyar fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta. Wadannan dabarun gina manhajar kwamfuta kuwa su ne: C++ (C Plus Plus), da Java, da Python, da kuma Ruby.  Wadannan su ake kira “Programming Langugaes” ko ince wasu daga cikinsu.  Suna amfani da wadannan dabaru ne wajen gina wasu manhajoji da za su taimaka wajen aiwatar da wadancan ayyuka da bayaninsu ya gabata.

Mahjaja ta farko mai suna “Thrift,” babbar manhaja ce wacce za ta maye gurbin manhajar ka’idar sadarwar Intanet da bayaninta ya gabata, wato manhajar APACHE kenan. Suna amfani da wadannan dabarun gina manhaja don kayatar da wannan masarrafa ta Thrift, don ta kara inganta tsarin ka’idar sadar da bayanai na Intanet.

Manhaja ta biyu mai suna “Scribe,” masarrafa ce da ke aikin taskance bayanai don taimaka wa mai ziyara samunsu ta hanyar kwamfutar da ke dauke da su ba tare da ya koma babbar ma’adanar da aka dauko su ba, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata.  Wannan tana cikin tsarin MEMCACHE da bayaninsa ya gabata a baya.

Manhaja ta uku mai suna “Cassandra,” babban aikinta shi ne taskance bayanan masu ziyara ko masu shafi a Facebook a rumbun adana bayanai.  Ita ce za ta maye gurbin manhajar MYSQL da bayaninta ya gabata a baya.  Babbar manhaja ce da galibin manyan kamfanonin duniya ke amfani da ita don aiwatar da wannan aiki na taskance bayanai da nemo su cikin sauki. Kamar yadda kuka sani, dandalin Facebook wata duniya ce mai zaman kanta. Tana dauke da mambobi sama da biliyan daya da miliyan dari biyu a halin yanzu.

Sai manhaja ta karshe mai suna “HipHop,” wacce suke amfani da ita wajen kayatar da manhajar PHP da bayani ya gabata a kanta.  Idan mai karatu bai mance ba, wannan manhaja ta PHP ana amfani da ita ne wajen ginawa da tsara shafukan Intanet masu inganci kuma masu dauke da kariya ko tsaro.

Wadannan, a takaice, su ne tanade-tanaden da hukumar Facebook ke yi wajen samar da shafuka masu inganci, da hanyoyin taskance bayanai masu dauke da kariya, da kuma sawwake hanyoyin neman bayanai don hada alaka a tsakanin mutane, wanda shi ne babban manufar samar da wannan dandali.