Sakonnin Masu Karatu (2009) (3)

Na’urar “UPS”

Salamu Alaikum Baban Sadik, tambayata ita ce: shin ko na’urar adana wutar lantarki na wucin-gadi (UPS) tana da ka’idar rike wuta a lokacin da ake amfani dashi ga na’ura mai kwakwalwa?  Kuma ana iya amfani da ita ga wasu nau’ukan kayan wuta don ta taimaka masu?  –  Aliyu Mukhtar Sa’idu (IT), Kano: 08034332200

 Dangane da abin da ya shafi na’urar adana wutar lantarki na wucin-gadi, wato Uninterrupted Power Supply, ko UPS a takaice, na’ura ce wadda ke aikin tara wutar lantarki da kuma sadar dashi iya gwargwado ga na’urar da take makale a jikinta.  Da zarar an dauke wuta, sai wannan na’ura ta taimaka maka wajen rike na’urar da kake aiki a kanta, don ka samu karasa abin da kake yi, ka kashe cikin natsuwa ba tare da ka yi hasarar aikin da kake yi ko ka samu cikas ba.  

Wannan na’ura na aiki ne da wani irin batir mai iya taskance sinadaran lantarki, ya kuma isar dashi cikin sauki kuma a hankali, nau’in Lithium-ion Phosphate.  Kuma shi ne nau’in sinadarin da ke dauke cikin batiran wayoyin salularmu.  Tsawon lokacin da wannan na’ura ke rike wutar lantarki bayan an dauke wuta, ya danganci girma ko mizanin wannan na’ura, da kuma lodin kayan lantarkin da take dauke dasu.  Akwai kanana masu cin gajeren zango, wadanda ke iya rike wutar lantarki na tsawon mintuna goma zuwa shabiyar, idan kwamfutar guda daya ce.  Akwai kuma matsakaita, da kuma manya, wadanda manyan ma’aikatu ke amfani dasu a ofisoshi ko ma’aikatunsu.  Manyan kan dauki tsawon sa’a guda ko fiye da haka; ya danganci yawan kayan lantarki da ke makale a jikinsu. 

A karshe kuma, ba kwamfuta kadai ba, kana iya amfani da wannan na’ura ga na’urar talabijin da rediyo, da CD ko DVD, da dai kayayyakin lantarki wadanda basu cin sinadaran lantarki mai dimbin yawa a yayin da suke aiki.  Kada kayi amfani da ita ga dutsen guga (electric iron), ko na’urar dafa ruwan zafi (electric heater/burner), domin suna da hadari, kuma suna iya kona na’urar ma gaba daya.  Domin mizanin wutar da suke bukata ya shallake wanda na’urar ke kiyascewa.  Da fatar ka gamsu.

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“Zazzabin” Wata/Rana

Salamu Alaikum Baban Sadik, tambayata ita ce: me yake kawo rashin lafiyar wata (Moon Eclipse)?  Jama’a na cewa rana ce take kama shi.  Yaya abin yake ne Malam? – Aliyu Mukhtar Sa’idu, Kano: 08034332200

A hakikanin gaskiya Malam Bahaushe ne ke amfani da Kalmar “zazzabi”, saboda irin yanayin da wata ke bayyana idan hakan ta faru, wato ya fito a gurgunce, babu haske; bayan watakila ya kai kwanaki ashirin ko shakaza.  Da farko dai, rana da wata kowannensu na tafiya ne a falakinsa, wato hanyar da Allah Ya tsara masa, a sararin samaniya.  Bayan haka, kowanne daga cikinsu na da iya kwanakin da Allah Ya haddade masa ne kafin ya gama gewaye daya. Wata kan kwashe kwanaki ashirin da tara da rabin kwana kafin ya gewaye wannan duniya tamu.  A yayin da rana ke daukan kwanaki ashirin da biyar kafin ta gama gewaye guda daya a cikin tafarki ko falakinta. 

Sannan, dukkan duniyoyin da ke makwabtaka da rana suna gewaye da ita ne, kuma kowanne daga cikinsu na da tauraronsa, wato Satellite kenan a Turance.  Tauraron wannan duniya tamu shi ne wata da ke gewaye ta a dukkan kwanakin nan ashirin da tara da rabin kwana, ko kwanaki talatin a takaice. 

Wannan gewaye da wata ke wa wannan duniya tamu, yana yi ne a lokacin da halittar rana ita ma take nata gewayen.  Kasancewar saurin tafiyarsu ba daya bane, wannan tasa a daidai lokacin da rana ke juya mana baya, a lokacin kuma wata ke darsano hasken rana, don ya haskaka mana duhun da ke fuskantarmu yayin da muka shiga duhu.  Zai dace mai karatu ya san cewa wata bashi da hasken kansa. A a, hasken da ke samunmu daga wata hasken rana ne.  Wannan tasa Allah ya siffata wata da Kalmar “Nooran”  a cikin Al-Kur’ani, wato wanda ke haskakawa, ba mai bayar da hasken ba.

Ita kuma rana aka siffata ta da Kalmar “Siraajan”, wato fitila mai bayar da haske. Wannan hikima  ce ta Ubangiji; a yayin da rana ta kewayo mu kuma, sai haskenta ya bice na wata.  Amma da zarar ta juya mana baya, ta kan darkake wata ne a lokacin da yake gewayensa ga wannan duniyar tamu; ma’ana lokacin da yake cikin falakinsa – sai ta haskaka shi, shi kuma nan take sai ya haskaka duniya, iya gwargwadon kwanakinsa.

To a wasu lokuta akan samu akasi; maimakon idan rana ta juya mana baya har muka shiga duhu a ce wata ya hasko mana haskensa da ya samo daga hasken rana, sai ya zama a lokacin yana bayan wannan duniyar tamu, cikin duhun da rashin hasken ranar ya samar.  Tunda har yana cikin duhu ne, babu yadda za a yi mu ga haskensa.  Sai ya zama ja, babu haske. A wasu lokuta ma sai dai a ga hankakinsa kawai, amma ko gudan watan ba a gani.  Hakan ke nuna cewa wannan duniyar tamu ta shiga tsakanin rana da wata kenan, kuma hakan, shi ake kira Lunar Eclipse a turance. 

Idan har ya zama lokacin da muka shiga duhu, wata na cikin inuwar da duniyar ta baro a bayanta ne (wato “Umbra”, inji Malaman Sararin Samaniya), kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, wannan shi ake kira Complete Lunar Eclipse.  Amma idan a lokacin da rana ta juya mana baya muka shiga duhu, wata bai gama shiga duhun da duniyar ta baro a baya ba, to za a samu haskensa kadan, amma kana ganinsa ka san akwai matsala.  Wannan kuma shi ake kira Partial Lunar Eclipse.  Wannan abin da ya shafi wata kenan.

Amma idan kuma watan ne ya shiga tsakanin rana da wannan duniyar tamu, to zamu shiga duhu ne iya gwargwadon tsawon lokacin da watan zai dauka kafin ya fice daga farfajiyar hasken ranar da ya tare mana.  Wannan kuma shi ake kira Solar Eclipse.  Shi ne ke haddasa samuwar dusashewar hasken rana lokacin yini.  Ba dukkan duniyar bane ke shiga duhu, a a, daidai banganren duniyar da wata ya tare hasken ne ke shiga duhu.  Wannan shi ne abin da ke faruwa, a kimiyyance, kuma alama ne da ke nuna sauyawar yanayin da duniya ke gudanuwa a kai. Wannan tasa a Musulunce Manzon Allah (SAW) ya umarce mu da mu rika yin salla da sadaka da istigfari da hailala a duk lokacin da hakan ya faru.  Domin alamar fushin Ubangiji ne.  Kuma alama ce da ke tuna wa mutane yadda aukuwar kiyama zata kasance (wato daga bicewar hasken rana, zuwa rushewar duniya baki daya).

Amma babban dalilin da Malaman kimiyya basu hangowa, shi ne hakan na faruwa ne sanadiyyar sabo da bayi ke aikatawa a doron wannan kasa.  An samu irin wannan yanayi lokacin Manzon Allah, daidai lokacin da dansa Ibrahim ya rasu, rana tayi kusufi.  Nan take sai wasu suka fara cewa ai don mutuwar dansa ne. Da yaji haka, sai ya tashi ya dinga bi kwararo-kwararon Madina, yana cewa: “lallai rana da wata ayoyi ne guda biyu daga cikin ayoyin Allah; don haka basu yin kusufi don mutuwar wani ko don rayuwarsa.”  A takaice dai, idan wannan duniyar ta shiga tsakanin hasken rana da wata, ta yadda wata ya zama yana cikin duhu, shi ke haddasa samuwar husufin wata, wato Lunar Eclipse.  Idan kuma wata ya shiga tsakanin hasken rana da wannan duniyar tamu, hakan na haddasa samuwar kusufin rana, wato Solar Eclipse.  Da fatan ka gamsu.

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Batir Nau’in “CMOS”

Me ye aikin “CMOS Battery” a jikin na’ura mai kwakwalwa (computer) da kuma wayar hannu (handset)? –  Aliyu Mukhtar Sa’idu (IT), Kano: 08034332200

Da farko dai, abin da gungun haruffan “CMOS” ke nufi shi ne: “Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor”, wato “tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai dauke da gurabun samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu; na farko shi ne nau’in “N” (wato “N-type”), na biyun kuma nau’in “P” (wato “P-type”), wadanda aka gwama su cikin buraguzan sinadarin “Silicon” don samar da wutar lantarki tare da sarrafa shi”.  Idan aka ce “CMOS Battery” kuma, ana nufin batir mai dauke da wannan tashar samar da wutar lantarki na “CMOS”.  Ana amfani da irin wannan batir ne a kwamfuta, da kuma wayoyin salula da wasu kayayyakin fasaha. 

Babban aikinsa shi ne taimaka wa kwamfuta wajen sarrafa bayanai (wato taskance su, da sarrafasu da kuma samar da su a lokacin da ake bukata) a lokacin da mai amfani da kwamfutar ke yi.  Kuma batirin na aiki ne kai tsaye da ma’adanar wucin-gadi na kwamfuta da ake kira Random Access Memory, wato RAM; wadda farfajiya ce ta wucin-gadi da kowace kwamfuta ko wayar salula ke amfani da ita don ajiye manhaja ko masarrafar da ta janyo daga asalin ma’adanar kwamfutar, wato Hard Disk Drive a lokacin da ake amfani da manhaja ko masarrafar.

Duk sa’adda ka kunna kwamfuta, da zarar ka kira wata masarrafa za ka fara amfani da ita, kwamfutar za ta je cikin HDD ne ta dauko maka, sai ta ajiye maka ita a wannan farfajiya ta wucin-gadi da ake kira RAM, ka yi ta aikinka. Da zarar ka gama, ka rufe, sai manhajar ta koma inda aka dauko ta.  Yin hakan kuwa aiki ne da ya kunshi janyo bayanai masu dimbin yawa cikin dan kankanin lokaci, tare da sarrafa su nan take.  Don haka aka tanadar wa kwamfuta ko wayar salula irin wannan nau’in batir a cikin injinta, wanda ke gudanar da wannan aiki cikin gaugawa, ba tare da ya zuge wa kwamfutar wutar lantarkin da take amfani da shi ba.  Domin a cikinsa akwai tashar da ke samar masa da abin da yake bukata na wuta, ba sai ya dogara dari-bisa-dari ga wutar kwamfutar ba.  Wannan, a takaice, shi ne ma’ana da amfanin “CMOS Battery” a kwamfuta ko wayar salula.  Da fatar an gamsu.